Hamadan is of considerable importance historically and dates back from over 25 centuries ago. It is surrounded by Tehran and Zanjan from North, Kermanshah and Kurdistan from West, Markazi from East and Lorestan from South.

The climate is of great variety. It is cold in highlands, but temperate in Southern areas. In general, there are heavy snowfalls in winter and pleasant climate in summer.

Some parts of Zagros mountain ranges stretches from South-west to South of the province. There are number of caves as "Ali-Sadr". It contains vast lake stretching into labyrinth of numerous passages with magnificently impressive stalactites and stalagmites. Abbas-abad cave located in Ab-garm and Hizaj cave, containing inscriptions, in Nahavand are among points of interest.

Major rivers run from South to South-western parts and are Gamasiab, Karkheh, Qarachey, Malayer and Khorram-roud.

Only some mountainous regions of Nahavand are covered by oak forests. Wildlife include ibex, mouflon, hyenas, wolves, jackals, fox and rabbit.

Hamadan is multilingual province. In Hamadan, center of the province, Persian is spoken; in Malayer, Nahavand and Samen, people speak "Luri"; people living in South-west of the province speak a variety of Turkish; predominant language in the regions neighboring Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces is Kurdish. The vast majority of the people are Muslim.

Highlands and pastures are populated by number of families related to Torkashvand, Jamir and Banafsheh tribes, who go to the highs of Alavand mountain in summer. Luri, Kurdish and variety of Turkish languages are spoken by these tribes. Herding and producing handicrafts are notable economical activities among them.

City of Hamadan has an airport. All the cities of the province are linked by asphalt roads.

Agriculture and animal husbandry are the major economical activities of the province: Wheat, barley, potatoes and sugar beets and in mountainous areas apple, grape and pear. Production of glassware, aluminum pieces, instruments for construction and agriculture and steel are among major industries of the province.

Carpet Guiveh, pottery, ceramic and fur garments are among major crafts. Pottery of Laljin village is famous all over Iran for its beauty.

City of Hamadan in the center of the province. Other cities are Asad-abad, Bahar, Toiserkan, Razan, Kabutar-Ahang, Malayer and Nahavand.

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