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Method of urban and village weavers, basically, is the same. At first, warps are wound. It could be wound on the loom, or it might be prepared and then installed.
Weaving comprises, fixing dyed thread to a pair of warps, according to the rug pattern. Through out of rug width, passing two or three wefts over a row of knots, so wefts were passed in and out of the warps. Combing wefts to put them thoroughly in their place, then arranging the end of yarns to the rug width by a pair of scissors; this process is repeating till the rug is completed.
Until now, methods of urban and village weavers are the same; but preparation of rug designs is different. Village weavers use designs that learned from their mothers in childhood, or they design imaginary shapes, which are particular to their hamlets and tribes. On the other hand, urban and semi urban weavers don’t have any knowledge of designing, and they weave by a design, which is drawn on a checkered paper.
Design drawn on the checkered paper are usually about the size of rug, and if the design is not repeated, it could be as large as a room. When the design is completed on the checkered paper, every knot is determined by dotting the small squares, which the design lines pass on. Then paint the design and cut it into horizontal pieces and stick them on cardboards and polish it.
Senior rug weaver work with this map and also reads the pattern for rug helpers. He knelt between a pair of looms which are back to back; and reads the pattern for weavers, who are sitting before the looms, and correct their possible mistakes by checking the back of carpets. As in Iran, senior rug weaver reads one pattern for two rug helpers, rugs are almost in pairs. Designs with complicated curved lines could only be prepared on the checkered paper by expert designers, who are working in the urban workshops.
There is a peculiar method in same parts of India: The rug is written like a book, dot by dot, by a person called "writer" , and then it is read for weavers. Neither reader, nor weaver has no idea about the final design. There are many libraries full of these kinds of books in India.
After the rug is completed, two ends of it are being sown with a band of kilim. This margin or kilim is woven like cloth, that wefts are gone back and froth in warps. After that the end of warps arrange, and then they are knotted, so fringes are formed.
"Lavar" (end borders) of two sides of rug is done by passing an extra woolen weft in and out of the last warps of rug (on the knots).
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